ABSTRACT
Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus in six growth stages was taken as materials to study the species and content changes of material basis, which were detected by UPLC, GC and MS chromatography, including lignans, nucleosides, aroma components and fatty acids. The results showed that the texture, color and taste of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus in six growth stages were different. On the material basis, 12 lignans were detected by UPLC-MS, and the content of total lignans was higher in the samples from late August to early September, among which the highest content of schisandrin was 0.67%±0.01%, followed by schizandrol B, angeloylgomisin H and schisandrin B, and the total content increased with the maturity of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus. Thirteen kinds of nucleosides were detected by UPLC. The total nucleoside content was the highest in late July samples, in which the contents of uridine and guanosine were higher and decreased after maturity. Aroma components and fatty acids were identified by GC-MS. A total of 53 aroma components were detected and the highest total content was appeared in late August samples, of which ylangene was higher and bergamotene was followed. A total of 24 kinds of fatty acids were detected. The fruits matured basically in August, and the content of fatty acids in the samples was the highest, among which linoleic acid content was top the list and oleic acid was the second. To sum up, the maturity of Schisandra chinensis fruit is related to the content and variety of various material bases, and the growth period has different influences on the quality of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus. Therefore, the appropriate harvesting time should be determined according to the change law of target components. The results of this study can provide reference for the quality evaluation of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus material basis.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Fruit/chemistry , Lignans/analysis , Schisandra , Tandem Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the feasibility and accuracy of ultrasound-guided transforaminal epidural injection. Methods:Ultrasound-guided injection at L1-2, L2-3, L3-4, L4-5, L5-6 bilaterally was performed in L1-6 spine from two Bama miniature pigs. The position of needles was detected with X-ray and CT, and observed under anatomy. The distance from the puncturing points at skin to the posterior midline, the depths and angles of puncturing between were measured and compared bilaterally. Results:The successful rate was 95% (19/20), out of which, 80% (16/20) were put the needle tips at the lower part of the intervertebral foramen, ventral side, central region or paracentral region. There was no significant difference between sides in the distances, depths or angles in 19 successful injections. Conclusion:It is accurate to transforaminally puncture under ultrasound-guided.
ABSTRACT
Whiplash-associated disorders usually appear as symptoms of neck pain, headache, and limited cervical spine activities, etc. Its mechanism is complicated, which is related with the sudden acceleration-deceleration mechanism conducted to the cervical vertebral joint, ligaments, muscles and nerves. Recently, it was found that low capacity of cerebrospinal fluid, fibromyalgia, and injury of central nervous system are also associated with those symptoms. The focus of exercise on equal length contraction and endurance of neck deep muscles can significantly improve the symptoms of patients without neurological injury. Ultrasound can be used to dynamically detect deformation and deformation rate patterns of both deep and shallow muscle in the exercise group and the conservative observation group. It is suggested that exercise can improve muscle movement patterns and repair damaged neck muscles at the same time.